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northern rockhopper penguin
The northern rockhopper penguin, ''Eudyptes c. moseleyi'', is usually considered a subspecies of rockhopper penguin, although fairly recent studies show evidence of distinction from the southern rockhopper penguin group ''Eudyptes c. chrysocome''/''E. c. filholi''.
A study published in 2009 showed that the population of the northern rockhopper had declined by 90% since the 1950s. For this reason, the northern rockhopper penguin is classified as endangered.
==Taxonomy==
The rockhopper penguins have been considered to consist of two species, northern and southern rockhopper penguin, since research published in 2006 demonstrated morphological, vocal, and genetic differences between the two populations.〔Jouventin P., Cuthbert R.J., Ottvall R. (2006). (Genetic isolation and divergence in sexual traits: evidence for the Northern Rockhopper Penguin ''Eudyptes moseleyi'' being a sibling species ). ''Molecular Ecology'' 15:3413-3423.〕〔Banks J., Van Buren A., Cherel Y., Whitfield J.B. (2006). (Genetic evidence for three species of Rockhopper Penguins, ''Eudyptes chrysocome'' ). ''Polar Biology'' 30:61-67.〕 Molecular datings suggest that the genetic divergence with the southern rockhopper penguin may have been caused by a vicariant event caused by a shift in the position of the Subtropical Front during the mid-Pleistocene climate transition.〔de Dinechin, M., Ottvall R., Quillfeldt P. & Jouventin P. (2009). (Speciation chronology of northern rockhopper penguins inferred from molecular, geological and palaeoceanographic data ). ''Journal of Biogeography'' 36(4):693–702.〕
Analysis of a part of a mitochondrial control region from a northern rockhopper penguin found on the Kerguelen Islands showed that it may have come from Gough Island, 6,000 km away, and that the southern and northern rockhoppers are genetically separate, though some individuals may disperse from their breeding colonies.〔de Dinechin M., Pincemy G., Jouventin P. (2007) (A northern rockhopper penguin unveils dispersion pathways in the Southern Ocean ) ''Polar Biology'' 31(1):113-115〕 Many taxonomists have yet to recognize the split, although some are beginning to do so.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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